【一】、沖壓模型(xing)鍛造設(she)備應用要(yao)點(dian)
沖壓模型鍛(duan)造處(chu)理的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，也是生(sheng)產加(jia)工中的(de)技術(shu)基礎環節，與后期產品生(sheng)產加(jia)工之(zhi)間的(de)聯系較為密切。
1、沖壓模型鍛造設備(bei)選擇
沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，為了鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)過(guo)程實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)效果較好，需(xu)結(jie)合鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)應(ying)用的(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)，合理把握鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)條件(jian)、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)結(jie)構實(shi)踐(jian)(jian)的(de)吻合度。如本次產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業應(ying)用的(de)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)為生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，進(jin)行(xing)沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，就應(ying)著重從沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分的(de)數據層(ceng)面上，進(jin)行(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)；若沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)內部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是細化(hua)晶(jing)粒(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，外部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模型(xing)外部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程度的(de)要求較模糊，進(jin)行(xing)產(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，則需(xu)著重把握沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)模型(xing)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)段(duan)處理的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度，而其他部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分，只需(xu)按照(zhao)一(yi)般生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)模型(xing)要求進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)即(ji)可。
2、沖壓模(mo)型(xing)鍛造設備(bei)大小
沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)模型(xing)鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)設備運用(yong)時(shi)，也(ye)需結合鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)模型(xing)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)，選擇大(da)小(xiao)適當的(de)產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)模型(xing)，盡(jin)量沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)模型(xing)加工(gong)時(shi)，模型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)設備與沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)模型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)之間相互(hu)吻合。一般而言，鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)大(da)于(yu)(yu)lkg小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)2kg的(de)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)材(cai)料，需要(yao)鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)設備65kg，鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)大(da)于(yu)(yu)2kg小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)3kg的(de)沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)材(cai)料，需要(yao)鍛(duan)造(zao)(zao)設備。即隨著五金沖壓件模(mo)(mo)(mo)具的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產大(da)小變化，適當的(de)(de)調(diao)整(zheng)沖(chong)(chong)壓模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產設備。這(zhe)種(zhong)進行沖(chong)(chong)壓模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)鍛造設備調(diao)整(zheng)運用的(de)(de)方法，能夠沖(chong)(chong)壓模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)所應用的(de)(de)原材料，在足(zu)夠大(da)的(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)中加工，從而(er)也就(jiu)避免了(le)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具生(sheng)(sheng)產模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產時，存在模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)加工受損(sun)的(de)(de)問題。
【二(er)】、沖壓(ya)工藝的(de)四大基本(ben)工序(xu)
汽車制(zhi)造中的沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)技術，為了達到沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)零件的規格尺寸(cun)以(yi)及零件的要求，需(xu)要應用不同(tong)的制(zhi)造工藝，其大致能夠分為以(yi)下幾類：
1、沖壓中的基礎工藝技(ji)能
五金沖壓件生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)中(zhong)的基本工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)包括了(le)四種：局(ju)部(bu)(bu)的成形、彎曲、沖(chong)裁(cai)以及(ji)拉(la)伸(shen)這(zhe)四個(ge)成形工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。沖(chong)壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)中(zhong)的沖(chong)裁(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)的分(fen)離(li)板料(liao)；板料(liao)經(jing)過(guo)沖(chong)壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)形成角度(du)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)稱(cheng)為彎曲；能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)根據沖(chong)模(mo)的形狀，對板料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)之稱(cheng)為空心(xin)的零件，以便進(jin)一步加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制造的工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)為拉(la)伸(shen)；而(er)局(ju)部(bu)(bu)成形的工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)則是通過(guo)沖(chong)壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)進(jin)行(xing)局(ju)部(bu)(bu)塑性(xing)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。
2、分離工(gong)藝以及成型工(gong)藝
將材料(liao)根據其特點進(jin)行分(fen)離(li)和成(cheng)形(xing)的(de)(de)工(gong)序(xu)。分(fen)離(li)工(gong)序(xu)：材料(liao)經過(guo)沖(chong)(chong)壓的(de)(de)力(li)量，發生變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)部分(fen)已達到(dao)較大的(de)(de)，材料(liao)發生了斷裂從而出現(xian)分(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)情況。分(fen)離(li)工(gong)序(xu)也可分(fen)為(wei)剪切工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)、沖(chong)(chong)孔(kong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)以及(ji)落(luo)料(liao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)等等，他們(men)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)就是在進(jin)行沖(chong)(chong)壓的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，沖(chong)(chong)壓能夠(gou)隨著板(ban)料(liao)的(de)(de)變(bian)現(xian)進(jin)行分(fen)割。成(cheng)形(xing)工(gong)序(xu)：是毛坯料(liao)在受到(dao)沖(chong)(chong)壓力(li)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，受到(dao)力(li)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用發生了變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)材料(liao)，進(jin)行塑性等一(yi)系(xi)列過(guo)程，然后(hou)成(cheng)為(wei)規格(ge)(ge)標準中的(de)(de)合格(ge)(ge)零件(jian)(jian)。沖(chong)(chong)壓工(gong)間的(de)(de)成(cheng)形(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)包(bao)含(han)了縮口工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)、翻邊工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)、彎曲(qu)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)等，其目的(de)(de)是材料(liao)能夠(gou)在沒有(you)被破壞(huai)的(de)(de)前提(ti)下，發生塑性、變(bian)形(xing)、改造以及(ji)彎曲(qu)等過(guo)程，然后(hou)成(cheng)為(wei)要求(qiu)條件(jian)(jian)下的(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)壓零件(jian)(jian)。
